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5 questions. 21 jurisdictions. A risk band, country-specific rule references, and recommended next steps in 2 minutes, before you spend a dollar on legal diligence.
2. Building zoning
3. Number of unrelated occupants per unit
4. Rental term structure
5. Has the city introduced explicit coliving rules in the last 3 years?
Risk band
Low
Score: 77/100 (higher = lower risk)
Manageable regulatory risk. Standard local diligence sufficient. Engage local counsel for the licensing and tenancy structure but no structural blockers.
Unlock the full risk profile
See the jurisdiction key rules, recommended next steps, and the per-question explainer.
United Kingdom, London
London Plan Policy H16 created an explicit pathway for purpose-built shared living. HMO licensing required for 5+ unrelated occupants under Housing Act 2004. Article 4 directions in many boroughs remove permitted development from C3 to C4.
Recommended next steps
Country baseline
28/40London Plan Policy H16 created an explicit pathway for purpose-built shared living. HMO licensing required for 5+ unrelated occupants under Housing Act 2004. Article 4 directions in many boroughs remove permitted development from C3 to C4.
Building zoning fit
12/15Residential zoning, most coliving operates here. Generally lowest friction.
Unrelated occupant count
7/155-10 unrelated occupants, triggers HMO licensing in UK, MDL classification in NYC, group housing in CA. Standard but adds licensing burden.
Rental structure
15/15Fixed-term 6+ months, clean residential tenancy. Strongest legal protection for both sides; lowest regulatory friction.
Recent rule clarity
15/15Recent rules favourable, explicit policy support reduces uncertainty (e.g. London H16, Singapore URA framework).
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Most coliving operators we audit have a single regulatory failure mode: they assumed the property was operating under a regulation that turned out not to apply. The HMO license that was supposed to be straightforward triggered an Article 4 review. The zoning class that was supposed to be 'residential' turned out to be 'group housing' subject to a Conditional Use Permit. The Berlin master-lease that was supposed to be Mietspiegel-compliant got caught in Mietpreisbremse review. Each of these adds 6-18 months and 15-40% to the project cost, and they all could have been priced into the model at LOI stage.
The 5 questions in this screen are the ones we ask first on every advisory engagement. They're not exhaustive, actual diligence is a multi-week exercise per jurisdiction, but they catch roughly 80% of the structural problems before any capital is committed. The country baseline does most of the work, but the four follow-on questions surface the multipliers: zoning misalignment, occupant-count thresholds, lease structure ambiguity, and recent rule changes.
Operators who score Medium or High here and proceed anyway aren't reckless, they're optimistic. The framework's job is to make optimism specific: you know exactly which factor is dragging your score and exactly what next step will help. Regulatory work is rarely impossible; it's usually slow, expensive, and worth budgeting for honestly.
Score the jurisdiction before signing the first LOI. Medium or High scores flag the need for local legal counsel before committing capital. Skipping this step is how operators end up holding a master lease in a jurisdiction that classifies their product as hospitality.
Run the score on every operator-pitched deal as a sanity check. The score doesn't replace legal diligence but it identifies the deals where the regulatory risk premium needs to be priced in.
Include the score in your data room. Sophisticated LPs check this surface; pre-empting it with a documented score + mitigation plan signals operator competence and reduces diligence friction.
Re-score quarterly. Regulatory environments shift, Berlin's Zweckentfremdung enforcement intensified in 2023, London's Article 4 directions changed in 2024. Scores that were Low 12 months ago may be Medium today.
Many residential zones explicitly limit unrelated-occupant counts. SF, NYC, much of central London, parts of Berlin treat coliving as 'group housing' or equivalent, separate class, separate rules. Verify the specific class, not the broad category.
5 unrelated occupants is the magic number across UK HMO, NYC MDL, California group housing, Australian boarding house. Crossing it triggers licensing, fire suppression, inspection, sometimes capital improvements. If you can stay below 5 per unit, do.
Barcelona's March 2024 Decreto-ley 4/2023, NYC's Local Law 18, Berlin's Zweckentfremdungsverbot enforcement updates, operators read the headlines as 'coliving recognised' and miss the binding constraints. Read the full text before celebrating.
If the substance walks like a tenancy, courts will treat it as one (Street v Mountford in UK; equivalent doctrines in most jurisdictions). License structures are legitimate for short-stay; they're a legal time bomb for 6+ month residents who have exclusive possession of a room.
8-16 weeks for HMO licensing in UK. 4-8 months for some EU permits. 3-6 months for US conditional use permits. Operators who treat this as 'paperwork' end up paying rent on an empty building for 4 extra months. Budget the permit timeline as a capex line.
Long-form guide covering 9+ countries, full regulatory framework, the deeper read after the screen.
Try it free →Country-level operator and capital-stack detail to complement the regulatory screen.
Try it free →Score the city you're entering across population, rent, demand, and competition.
Try it free →Fire safety obligations specifically, usually the first inspection that fails post-LOI.
Try it free →Last reviewed: May 2026.
Our compliance team works with operators across 14+ countries on HMO licensing, zoning variances, lease structure, and post-conversion compliance audits.
